The China Medical Board (CMB) of the United States, founded in 1914, is the second-largest project of the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1928, it was reorganized into an independent foundation based in New York. Its mission is to promote the development of healthcare in China and Southeast Asia through funding medical, nursing, and public health research and education. The CMB aims to advance equitable and quality healthcare services and improve the health conditions of the people in China and its neighboring Asian countries.

CMB's funded institutions in China primarily include the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, along with 13 other medical schools. It has made significant contributions to the advancement of medical and health services in Asia and China. CMB's guiding principles, as set forth by its founder, John D. Rockefeller, include promoting the health of the Chinese people, cultivating modern medical and health professionals, strengthening China's national health system, pursuing excellence, and valuing respect and friendship.

Since the early 1980s, Fudan University has been one of the key institutions supported by CMB, receiving more than 16 million US dollars in funding. In recent years, CMB's focus has shifted from clinical medicine to the field of public health. It has supported Fudan University in establishing the Institute of Global Health and other projects related to health policy and system science. This support has significantly enhanced Fudan University's research capabilities and international outreach in areas such as global health, pharmaceutical and economic policies, health economic evaluation, environmental health policies, and nursing.